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Factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico
AM Negrón, MJ Molina, AM Mayor, VE Rodríguez and LM Vilá Lupus 2008 17: 348 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307086645 The online version of this article can be found at: http://lup.sagepub.com/content/17/4/348

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Downloaded from lup.sagepub.com at HINARI on April 28, 2011Lupus (2008) 17, 348–354
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Factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico
AM Negrón, MJ Molina, AM Mayor, VE Rodríguez and LM Vilá
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

The aim of this study was todetermine the factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico. A total of 204 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (per the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria) were evaluated. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute classification.Socioeconomic–demographic parameters, health-related behaviours, clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, pharmacological treatments, disease activity (per the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure—Revised), and damage accrual (per the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) were determined at study visit. Factors associated with metabolic syndromewere examined by univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression models. A total of 196 (96.2%) were women. The mean age at study visit was 43.6 ± 13.0 years, and the mean disease duration was 8.7 ± 7.7 years. Seventy-eight patients (38.2%) had metabolic syndrome. In the multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.09), government healthinsurance (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.07–4.22), exercise (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.14–0.92), thrombocytopenia (OR = 4.19; 95% CI 1.54–11.37), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.03–2.63), disease activity (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.00–1.30), and prednisone >10 mg/day (OR = 3.69; 95% CI 1.22–11.11) were associated with metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, older age, low socioeconomic status, lack of exercise,thrombocytopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate , higher disease activity, and prednisone >10 mg/day were independently associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Puerto Rico. Lupus (2008) 17, 348–354. Key words: cardiovascular disease; haematologic changes; systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by agroup of interrelated metabolic risk factors that confer a proinflammatory and a prothrombotic state.1 These risk factors promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus.1–3 Metabolic syndrome is manifested by the presence of hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaeSupported by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR/NIH) RCMIClinical Research Infrastructure Initiative (RCRII) award #1P20 RR11126 (UPR-MSC) and an unrestricted educational grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Puerto Rico, Inc. Key indexing terms: Metabolic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Puerto Rico Correspondence to: Luis M. Vilá, MD, Chief and Program Director, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences...